사이토카인(Cytokine)
Physiologically active substance
1. General term for physiologically active substances
Cytokines are important physiologically active substances in the field of immunology. Cytokines are a generic term for physiologically active substances secreted by immune cells and are a group of substances having a wide physiological function such as inflammation, cell proliferation, differentiation, and cell death.
Cytokines as physiologically active substances / Satoshi Nojima / Jun Kumano / Regenerative Medical Vol.10 No.2, 56-57, 2011 KEY WORDS: A full-text commentary article
In vivo, various types of cells efficiently transmit signals between or within cells to maintain the homeostasis of the living body. In this case, the group of substances that have strong activity against bio-signal transmission and are indispensable for maintaining physiological function is collectively called physiologically active substances. Physiologically active substances include various hormones, enzymes, and vitamins.
Cytokines are important physiologically active substances in the field of immunology. Cytokines are a generic term for physiologically active substances secreted by immune cells and are a group of substances with wide physiological functions such as inflammation, cell proliferation, differentiation, and cell death. Cytokines are mostly molecular weights of 10,000 to tens of thousands of molecules, and have strong activity even in extremely small amounts (pg/mL ~ ng/mL). Most of them exert their physiological activity by acting on receptors present on the surface of the cell membrane of immune cells and mediating their own transmission pathways. Hundreds of cytokines have been discovered so far.
The history of cytokine discovery stems from the discovery of interferon in the 1950s. Interferon was reported in 1954 by Taiichi Nagano as a factor that interferes with viruses when infected. Subsequently, in 1962, the epithelial growth factor (EGF) was discovered, and in the mid-1960s, the macropage migration inhibition factor (MIF) was discovered, and molecules that play an important role in the immune response were identified in turn. Following these findings, DuMonde proposed the concept of limpokine in 1969. This is the name given because the molecular group described above is produced from white blood cells, and it is a coined word consisting of the prefix lympho-, meaning white blood cells, and kinin, meaning "moving" in Greek.
In 1974, MIF-like factors were found to be secreted from kidney-derived cell lines. The discoverer Cohen proposed the concept of cytokine instead of lymphokine because these physiologically active substances are not only produced by leukocyte cells. Now, this concept is widely accepted in understanding these molecules.
2. What are plant cytokines?
Cytokinin is a type of plant hormone.
Generally, it is a general term for a group of compounds that have the effect of inducing cell division and chute formation in the presence of auxin. The acronym CK.
What is the function of the plant hormone cytokine?
Cytokinin is a plant hormone that plays an important role in agriculture, such as inhibiting leaf aging, activating photosynthesis, and determining the number of grains in spermatozoa. Hormones generally exert their ability in very low concentrations when necessary and when necessary. Therefore, precursors that are not hormonal inactivity are first synthesized. February 05, 2007
The function of cytokine is to promote cell division and cell proliferation.
Cytokinin is known as a plant hormone that causes cell division. It stimulates metabolism and opens the eyes of flowers to the geodes (そく枝), so it works in the opposite way to auxin. Cytokinin is commonly found in the youngest parts of plants, such as seeds, fruits, sprouts, and root tips.
What are plant cytokines?
a plant animal
Multifunctional Hepatocytes Multifunctional Hepatocytes Tissue hepatocytes
multifunctional hepatocytes
multifunctional hepatocytes
Interleukin
Interlferon
Chemokine
Table) Key cytokines (Cytokines)
hematopoietic factor
growth factor
T-cell
activated T cells
Must cells, NKT cells
T-cells and other types
Th2 cells
Th17 cells
tumor necrosis factor
Ativocytokine
Limpagu and many other types
T-cell
Dagger, Microphage
mesenchymal cells
activated T cells
Platelets, placenta, lungs, etc
Microphage
fat cells
Classification Name Key Production Cell Representative Features
Induction of minute 〮 proliferation in T cells
differentiation of pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells
Involved in allergic reactions
It's important for hematopoietic and inflammatory reactions
inhibition of Th1 cytokines
Inevitably, Th17 cells are maintained
Antiviral Adoption, Tumor Suppression
Antiviral Adoption, Tumor Suppression
regulation of immune response
Activation of danguine (遊走 pusher)
neutrophil induction (遊走 pusher) activation
B-cell migration (遊走 pusher) activation
Differentiation induction of granulocytes and monocytes
Anti-inflammatory action, tissue restoration promotion
induction of inflammation
control of appetite and metabolism
3. Dandyrod's physiologically active substances
With the patent of "Dandy-ro", I will tell you whether the "Sap" of oak and yellow lacquer trees extracted from plants can be classified as physiologically active substances.
Cytokines, which are physiologically active substances, are mainly physiologically active substances found in the immune system of animals, but according to recent research, it is known that there are compounds that have similar functions to cytokines in plants. Plants mainly use signal molecules, which are various signaling molecules, to regulate physiological processes such as growth, development, and immune response. These signaling molecules play a similar role to cytokines and are responsible for cell-to-cell communication and signal transmission within plants.
These signaling molecules can affect various physiological processes, such as plant immune response, cell division, germination, and flowering of flowers. A physiologically active substance is a substance that affects biological activity or triggers a specific physiological response in the living body.
＂Dandy-ro ＂'s patent-extracted
The sap of oak and yellow lacquer trees can be distinguished as physiologically active substances due to these characteristics.
Oak Sap is 99.9% verified for E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida streptococcus in its antibacterial effect, and in the case of deodorant and various foreign substance-free oak trees, there are research data that show that extracts will make you 12 years younger.
It is mentioned in [Public Patent Publication No. 10-2019-0093227 (2019.08.09] that Hwangchil Sap has better anti-inflammatory and skin regeneration effects than Centella. This effect is achieved by physiological activators.
The blood of the animal is red,
The blood of plants (Sap) is clear and transparent, but there is an exception. It is a general view that animals' blood is red, and plants' blood (Sap) is clear and transparent. Most animals transport oxygen by hemoglobin, an oxygen carrier whose blood is bound to oxygen by red blood cells
It has a red color because it contains iron. Therefore, animals' blood is expressed in red.
Meanwhile,
Sap, which is the blood of plants, is responsible for carrying nutrients and water inside plants. Sap mainly contains water and compounds of living biologically active substances such as sugar, amino acids, and vitamins, and most of them have water and transparent properties. The color of blood, however, may vary depending on the type of animal, and some animals may have unusual colored blood.
For example, alligator birds, an endangered animal, may have a blue blood color. Therefore, it is a general view that an animal's blood is generally red, and that the plant's sap is clear and transparent, but there can be unusual cases as well. This can be understood as variations based on the physiological differences and types of animals and plants.
the difference between animal blood and plant sap
If you look at bioactivators in oak trees
The tanning process using oak bark is a traditional method used to process leather to make it the best-quality leather. The oak bark is rich in tanning, which protects and strengthens the leather. Tanning can help make the leather hard and durable by increasing the convergence of leather. It can also have the effect of improving the quality of the leather by removing waste from the hair follicles.
These properties can also help oak sap on the skin.
Hair follicles are present in the skin, and waste accumulates around the follicles, making the skin rough (hardening and skin troubles). Therefore, among the various ingredients extracted from the oak sap, the curing plays a role in keeping the skin clear and healthy by removing unnecessary maintenance and waste around the hair follicles, protecting the skin barrier, and converging the skin barrier. In addition, yellow lacquer, called tree ginseng, contains saponin, which is superior to centella due to its anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory properties, helping to regenerate the skin better than centella, and playing a big role in protecting the skin barrier.
Both the oak sap and extract may contain physiologically active substances, but they are not the same ingredients. Oak sap is a raw material extracted from oak itself, and the sap contains many kinds of living ingredients as a natural form of raw material. Among these ingredients are physiologically active substances. Each plant has a different substance.
On the other hand, extract is a substance extracted from raw materials using a specific extraction method. In the process of extraction, certain ingredients of raw materials can be concentrated, or through interactions with other substances (solvent) and fermentation, a physiologically active substance of Sap and other substances can be formed. Therefore, the extract may contain a higher concentration of physiologically active substances compared to the raw materials. It is not a naturally produced substance but an artificially extracted ingredient, and the concentration and efficacy vary depending on the extraction method and conditions, and by-products with high concentrations or different concentrations can be formed
It can be included, so verification and research on efficacy and stability as an active substance are needed.
For this reason, Extract should pay more attention to skin problems than Sap when creating a product.
This is the difference between Sap and Extract's physiologically active substances.
4. Differences between Sap and Extract's physiologically active substances
According to the research data, oak sap from plant cetokines contains various physiologically active substances (200 kinds), and all plant sap is a liquid secreted for the physiological function of plants, which contains components that can be involved in the growth and defense functions of plants, and there are components that have not yet been solved by modern science, so various studies are being conducted. Therefore, oak sap contains active ingredients that can help protect the skin barrier or the scalp barrier.
also,
Yellow lacquer extract also has effects related to hair loss prevention and hair growth. Yellow lacquer is traditionally known as a material used to prevent hair loss and promote hair growth, and yellow lacquer extract contains an active ingredient of yellow lacquer. Therefore, products that use yellow lacquer extract can have an effect that can help prevent hair loss and hair growth, but the effects are different because it is a bioactive substance in sap, not extract.
In addition, the barrier between the skin and scalp plays a very important role for protection from the outside environment. Since damage to the barrier can expose the skin and scalp to infection and contamination, protecting the barrier is very important. Oak sap and yellow lacquer extract can have the effect of strengthening and protecting the barrier between the skin and scalp, which can help maintain the health of the skin and scalp.
That's why extract and sap are different.
Sap is a biologically active substance.
Differences between Sap and Extract's physiologically active substances
Ingredient analysis and solid content analysis are different concepts.
Ingredient analysis refers to the process of identifying and analyzing what components a substance consists of. Through this, we can find out the components of a substance, that is, how much of it is contained, and the proportion. Ingredient analysis is mainly used to analyze and identify chemical components that exist in a substance.
Through general ingredient analysis, plants such as oak and yellow lacquer may contain various compounds to perform various physiological activities, but it is an extremely limited method of analysis. It is confirmed that the ingredients obtained by the limited analysis method are involved in the growth, metabolism, and defense functions of the plant, and their types and contents may vary depending on the type and environment of the plant, but the various ingredients included in the plant sap (Sap) are also a task that must be revealed through advanced analysis equipment. The ingredients analyzed with the existing analysis equipment can only be identified as important roles in supplying nutrients to plants, generating active substances, and responding to environmental stress.
On the other hand, in the analysis of plants, solid content analysis refers to the process of analyzing the proportion or content of solids in a substance. In general, solid content refers to the part that separates from solvents (e.g., water) inside a substance, that is, the part that exists in a solid state. In order to analyze this, the solid content is measured by extracting and separating the substance in an appropriate way. Usually, solid content analysis is the process of separating and measuring solids in a substance, which can be performed in general, but in the case of plants, analysis is not easy because there are not many high-precision equipment that can analyze solids. Due to this, in certain cases, the component analysis method or solid content measurement may fail (impossible) due to the limitations of the equipment. The analysis of solid content in the sap can be difficult due to the lack of advanced equipment.
**** For plants, it is customary to mark only representative ingredients for ingredient analysis. ****
Component analysis and solid content analysis are different concepts